Thursday, July 30, 2015

Loxahatchee and Green Cay

A few times a year we try to visit some of the wetlands in Palm Beach County, about an hour's drive north of our home. Before our arrival back in Florida from our second home in Illinois, we were greeted with the news that a Smooth-billed Ani had appeared in the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge. Midsummer is not the best time to visit muggy and buggy wetlands Though I had seen this species in Puerto Rico I have never encountered it in the "official" American Birding Association (ABA) area. This was a good excuse to drive up to the refuge and pick up a new "lifer" as soon as our schedule permitted. We departed from home in predawn darkness and arrived there at 7:00 AM.

Smooth-billed Anis formerly bred in Loxahatchee but have been absent for about 15 years.  This pair of anis were first located about three weeks previously and their nest was subsequently discovered near the Marsh Trail observation tower in the largest of the two trees to the right of this photo (click on photos for larger size and additional images):

Marsh Trail Tower HDR 20150722

We were immediately rewarded with great views of one member of the pair. The other was sometimes visible through the foliage and is presumably incubating.

Smooth-billed Ani 2-20150722

The ani is classified as a member of the cuckoo (Cuculidae) family. Its closest relative is the Hoatzin. Like the latter, the ani is normally a cooperative breeder, with several families sharing a nest and helping raise the young. Indeed, more than one female has been known to lay eggs in a nest as it is being built. The dominant female often will bury the eggs of those deposited earlier, incorporating them into the nest structure and assuring that they will not hatch.

The ani's large bill is most interesting, as it is arched and parrot-like. Overall it looks like a large blackbird (14.5 inches/37 centimeters), about the length of our Boat-tailed Grackle. Its long tail hangs down and appears to be loosely attached and its wings are short and broad.

Smooth-billed Ani 20150722

Bill detail:


 Smooth-billed Ani detail 20150722

Residents of south Florida and the Caribbean, they were much more abundant locally about 30-40 years ago. Severe winters in the 1970s and habitat loss due to development are partly blamed for their reduced numbers. Now they are found in the USA almost exclusively in southern Florida, in scattered locations in the Florida Keys and along the coasts of the Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic Ocean and Lake Okeechobee. They feed primarily on insects and small lizards and frogs, but also eat fruit, especially during the dry season. They typically nest at the beginning of the rainy season (summer, here in Florida) when insects are most abundant.

We did not stay very long as we had afternoon obligations, but had time to look for threatened Snail Kites, including this one with color-coded leg bands placed by researchers. This species depends heavily upon declining numbers of Apple Snails, but is adapting to another large exotic snail that is displacing the native species.

Snail Kite 2-20150722

The Snail Kit's narrow and sharply curved bill is specialized for extracting the flesh from the snails:

Snail Kite 4-20150722

This Little Blue Heron is transitioning from its first-year white to the adult plumage that gives it its name:

Little Blue Heron sub-adult 20150722

Wood Storks and a Great Blue Heron roosted in treetops along the trail. The two young storks have fuzzy heads and lighter bills than the adults:

Wood Stork immatures and adult 20150722

Great Blue Heron 20150722

Black-necked Stilts and Glossy Ibises foraged in a flooded agricultural field near the entrance of the Refuge:

Black-necked Stilt 20150722

Glossy Ibis 2-20150722

A Passion Flower attracted a Honeybee:

Bee in Passion Flower 20150722

We proceeded to Green Cay wetlands, a waste water treatment area that is a great birding "hotspot."

The 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometers) of boardwalk are well-maintained:

Green Cay boardwalk HDR 20150722

That's Mary Lou in the blue shirt, well in front of me (as usual):

Green Cay boardwalk2 HDR 20150722

Purple Gallinules were particularly abundant, both adults...

Purple Gallinule 2-20150722

...and immature birds:

Purple Gallinule immature 2-20150722

A Snowy Egret pranced on golden slippers in the mud flats:

Snowy Egret 20150722

Green Herons foraged patiently, ...

Green Heron 2-20150722

... and Anhingas dried their wings and preened:

Anhinga 20150722

Anhinga 2 20150722

Striking red native Swamp Hibiscus bloomed along the boardwalk, ...

Swamp Hibiscus 20150722

...contrasting with white Marsh Lilies..

Marsh Lilies 20150722

...and purple flowers of Pickerel-weed:

Pickerelweed - Pontederia cordata 20150722

A Tricolored Heron posed so nicely that I was inspired to render it in HDR images by creating and layering different exposures from single RAW photos (I used this technique for the landscapes included in this post):

Tricolored Heron HDR 20150722

Tricolored Heron preening HDR  20150722

Tricolored Heron roosting HDR3 20150722

It was only mid-morning, but thunderheads loomed to the south over the Nature Center when we departed. We arrived home in the rain:

Green Cay Nature Center HDR 20150722




= = =  = = =  = = = =  = = = = =

Linking to Misty's  CAMERA CRITTERS,

Linking to Eileen's SATURDAY'S CRITTERS,

Linking to GOOD FENCES by Tex (Theresa). 

Linking to SKYWATCH FRIDAY by Yogi, Sylvia and Sandy

Linking to WEEKEND REFLECTIONS by James

Linking to BirdD'Pot by Anni

Linking to Wild Bird Wednesday by Stewart

Linking to I Heart Macro by Laura

________________________________________________

Please visit the links to all these memes to see some excellent photos on display

Thursday, July 23, 2015

Bird photos comparing images of pocket camera to DSLR

Planning to travel light on my rail excursion in the Canadian Rockies, I considered whether or not to pack my DSLR camera, a Canon 60D with 300 mm L/4.0 IS USM and 1.4x extender (420 mm  f/5.6 lens system). I favor bird photography and especially small birds. A long lens is indispensable for this purpose, so I researched the possibility of simply bringing a pocket camera with a long reach. 

I did not expect this trip to provide many opportunities to lurk and wait for the little ones to come into view, and did not expect a high level of performance from such a small backup camera. Settling on the Canon SX700 HS was not easy, as the reviews suggested several very close contenders with an optical zoom of 30X. I chose Canon partly out of faith in the Canon ecosystem. I own two earlier PowerShots, an  A40 (only 2.0 megapixels!) and an A-1100 IS (12.1 megapixels), and both performed very well.

The new PowerShot SX700 HS (16.1 megapixels), captured this image of a Black-billed Magpie on the grounds of the Fairmont Chateau Hotel in Lake Louise, Alberta, on June 18, 2015:

Black-billed Magpie 20150618

My next post will include more photos and videos taken on the Rocky Mountaineer Railway trip from Vancouver, British Columbia to Calgary, Alberta.

Just to demonstrate that the number of pixels is relatively unimportant, here is an example of a digiscopic photo of a Western Bluebird that I took in New Mexico back in 2003 with my first 2.0 megapixel Powershot through the lens of a Kowa Prominar TSN-24 spotting scope zoomed to about 30x:


Western Bluebird female FEB03

Certainly the image (576 x 423 pixels) is very soft, yet is is one of my favorite bird pictures. This leads me to ask myself why I need more megapixels. I'm not out to sell any of my photos, although I am honored when one is used for educational purposes under my FLICKR Creative Commons license (especially if I first receive the courtesy of a request!). No, what I value most is the feeling of the time and place where I captured an image. National Geographic is certainly above my pay grade!


The optical lens of the PowerShot SX700 HS zooms from  a focal length of 4.5 to 135.0 mm, which is said to be up to the equivalent of 450 mm in a 35 mm camera. Digital zoom can be added when fully zoomed optically, from 0 to 4x, producing magnification up to to 1200x. 


My first few attempts at photographing creatures in the wild produced some nice results. See this post for some examples: http://rosy-finch.blogspot.com/2014/12/bird-photography-with-pocket-camera.html


To more objectively test my new Powershot I purchased a hot shoe mount with a simple ball head (Smallrig LCD Monitor Adapter 1/4" Camera Hot Shoe Mount,  $9.50 at Amazon.com). The Powershot can be mounted directly over the DSLR to allow both cameras to take photos of the same scene nearly simultaneously.


Canon SX 700 HS with tripod extender 20141207


Double camera rig 20141207


I took a series of test photos comparing the two cameras. The DSLR was fitted with the 420 mm lens system and the Powershot was at full optical 30X zoom. Unless otherwise noted, the photos are compared full frame and straight out of the cameras (SOOC), with the exception of the DSLR images, which I cropped on one or both sides to reduce them to the same 4:3 format as the pocket camera. This permits a fair comparison of the relative size of the images. 


Similarly, the images from both cameras were processed with Canon DPP using the HD (single layer) application to sharpen and enhance color automatically. The DSLR was set to Av f/5.6 and the Powershot to AUTO for all photos.

My first attempt, using the dual mounts on a monopod, was to photograph this Great Blue Heron roosting on a power pole about 120 feet away with the low morning sun coming in from the right side of the frame.  The two photos were taken less than 30 seconds apart. This is the DSLR image, straight out of the camera (SOOC), with 420 mm focal length, Aperture Priority. shutter Speed (Tv) 1/640; Aperture Value (Av) f/5.6; ISO 200:


Great Blue Heron SOOC Canon 60D 20141211


The PowerShot image is fairly comparable in size. It was optically zoomed to 105.0 mm.  Shutter speed (Tv) 1/250; Aperture Value (Av) f/6.3; ISO 100 (Auto): 


Great Blue Heron SOOC Powershot SX700 20141211

Here are crops of the above two photos, not otherwise processed. This is from the

Canon 60D DSLR:

Great Blue Heron CROP Canon 60D 20141211


Canon PowerShot SX700 HS:


Great Blue Heron CROP Powershot SX700 20141211


In my next comparison the subject was an Osprey on an extinct utility pole about 350-400 feet away, again using the hot shoe tripod extender mounted atop the DSLR. The photos are taken within seconds of each other from the same range. The pocket camera is set on AUTO while the DSLR is shooting Aperture Priority at f/5.6.  EXIF data for pocket camera: Tv 1/160, Av 6.9, ISO 125 (auto). EXIF for DSLR:  Tv 1/800, Av 5.6, ISO 200. 



Canon 60D DSLR:

Osprey Canon 60D 420 mm SOOC trim 20141216

Canon PowerShot SX700 HS at 30X zoom:

Osprey Canon SX700 HS SOOC 20141216

Cropped to produce images of comparable size, the eyes of the Osprey are reproduced more distinctly by the Canon 60D DSLR:


Osprey Canon 60D 420 mm SOOC crop 20141216

Canon PowerShot SX700 HS:

Osprey Canon SX700 HS SOOC crop 20141216

Small birds are not easy to capture without a viewfinder. The LCD screen of the PowerShot is bright enough in daylight, but if the sun is directly to the rear it washes it out badly. This bird was moving about and was hard to track, so the images are not entirely comparable, but both were taken from the same distance of 25 feet (7.5 meters).


Palm Warbler SOOC, trimmed at sides but not processed, taken by the Canon 60D DSLR:


Palm Warbler Canon 60D 20141218


Canon PowerShot SX700 HS, SOOC, unprocessed:


Palm Warbler Canon Powershot 30X  20141218


Below is a set of cropped and similarly processed images of the same bird within seconds of each other (processed in Canon DPP with HD tool but no other color adjustments) comparing the two cameras.


Canon 60D DSLR:

Palm Warbler Canon 60D DPP 20141218


Canon PowerShot SX700 HS:


Palm Warbler Canon Powershot 30X  DPP 20141218


To get around the problem of the PowerShot's LCD image being washed out in sunlight, I rigged this contraption with the Hoodman Loupe which I normally use in the field to review my DSLR photos. The rubber bands are the standard accessory for attaching it to the larger camera for videography, but they fit the PowerShot perfectly without interfering with any of the control buttons.  


Hoodman Loupe on Canon SX700HS 20150303

Hoodman Loupe on Canon SX700HS 2-20150303

Reviewers downgrade the Canon SX700's low light performance. I put it to the test at only 10 minutes after sunrise, with both the Powershot (at 30X zoom) and my Canon 60D with the 420 mm lens, on a monopod with the above dual mount. The subject was about 160 feet (50 meters) away. The unprocessed shots follow:

This is the DSLR image as captured straight out of the camera, cropped to size but not otherwise processed, Aperture Priority setting  (Tv 1/200 sec, Av f/5.6, ISO 3200):


Great Blue Heron SOOC 60D 20141229


This is the corresponding Powershot image, AUTO setting, SOOC (Tv 1/30 sec, Av f/6.9, ISO 800). The image is remarkably steady, given the long exposure :


Great Blue Heron SOOC Powershot 20141229



After processing the images identically, using Canon DPP presets, here are the finished results:

Canon 60D:


Great Blue Heron DPP 60D 20141229


Canon PowerShot:


Great Blue Heron DPP Powershot 20141229



Here are comparable images of a Common Ground Dove, perched about 15 feet high, about 100 feet away. This is the PowerShot image, not zoomed. The dove is barely visible just below the center of this photo:

Ground Dove at 100 feet 20141228


The DSLR image at 100 feet:


Ground Dove at 100 feet SOOC 60D 20141228


The corresponding optically zoomed PowerShot image (Tv 1/320 sec, Av f/6.9, ISO 100):


Ground Dove at 100 feet SOOC Powershot 20141228


Moving closer, at 60 feet, here are similarly processed images. This is from the 60D DSLR (Tv 1/640 sec, Av f/5.6. ISO 100):


Ground Dove at 65 feet CROP 60D 20141228


The corresponding processed PowerShot image:


Ground Dove at 65 feet CROP Powershot 20141228


Following are some random processed images taken with the PowerShot, all set to AUTO and hand-held unless otherwise noted.


Palm Warbler at 70 feet, 30X optical zoom:


Palm Warbler 70 ft Powershot 30x optical zoom 20141221


Another shot of the same bird with 1.6X added digital zoom (48X):


 Palm Warbler 70 ft Powershot 30x optical x1.6 digital zoom 20141221


Northern Mockingbird at about 20 feet, 50% crop, zoomed optically to 30X:


Northern Mockingbird Powershot 20141221


Boat-tailed Grackle on roof, 20 feet above, digitally zoomed to 42.8 mm (about 9.5X).


Boat-tailed Grackle Canon SX 700 20141203


Turtle at range of 60 feet (18 meters) at 30X optical zoom:

Turtle CanonPS SX700 EDITED 20141129


Hand-held macro photos:


Dewdrop at about 3/4 inch (2 cm) from lens:


Dewdrop macro Canon SX 700 HS 20141216


Tiny flower calyx about 1 1/4 inch (4 cm) from lens:


Flower calyx macro Canon SX 700 HS 20141216


Spider silk with dew drops from about 8 inches (20 cm):


Web pearls HDR COREL 20141227


I have also been pleased with the quality of the landscapes produced by the PowerShot. The following were processed in Corel PaintShop ProX X7 by layering three exposures from a single JPG to create HDR images:


Clouds over lake HDR 20150415
North shore fog HDR 20150320

Sunburst HDR 20150416

This photo of the split rail fence around the community gardens in St Charles, Illinois was processed from a single image using only the HD filter of Canon Digital Photography Professional (DPP):

 Community Gardens 2-20150515
  
Having just returned from the Canada rail trip, I am still reviewing over 1200 photos I took with the PowerShot. Most were landscapes. As expected, wildlife encounters were limited. This Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel entertained visitors at the tram terminal at the top of Sulphur Mountain in Banff, Alberta:


Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel 20150620


Also from the top of the mountain, this is a monochrome rendering (three layers from a single exposure) of the view to the west:


Sulphur Mountain BW view to west 20150620


To summarize, the Canon PowerShot  SX700 HS performed quite well with smaller wildlife subjects and under marginal light conditions. Performance would probably have improved with use of a tripod, although the image stabilization is remarkably reliable. I have not yet explored other camera features, notably shooting in Aperture Priority mode which would isolate and enhance the image of smaller subjects.

= = =  = = =  = = = =  = = = = =

Linking to Misty's  CAMERA CRITTERS,


Linking to Eileen's SATURDAY'S CRITTERS,

Linking to GOOD FENCES by Tex (Theresa). 

Linking to SKYWATCH FRIDAY by Yogi, Sylvia and Sandy

Linking to WEEKEND REFLECTIONS by James

Linking to BirdD'Pot by Anni


Linking to Wild Bird Wednesday by Stewart


Linking to I Heart Macro by Laura
________________________________________________


Please visit the links to all these memes to see some excellent photos on display

________________________________________________